On aggregate

While the proportion of the English population engaging in 3 or 4 key "unhealthy behaviours" (smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, limited physical activity) has decreased in recent years (down from 33% in 2003 to 25% in 2008), the focus of this improvement is amongst richer, better educated people.  Those with no educational qualifications are far more likely to engage in all four behaviours and this tendency has increased over time, with the result that the poorest and least well educated have seen no improvement and relative inequalities have increased.  The King's Fund takes data from the Health Survey for England between 2003 and 2008 to examine how health behaviours cluster, arguing that focus on individual health behaviours, while helpful, is not the solution: a more holistic approach is necessary.